EVOLUTION OF GOVERNMENT

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This refers to how government or the state came into existence. Evolution of government therefore laid emphasis on the origin of government and the state. There are numerous scholars or philosophers who had come out with different postulations concerning the origin of the government or the evolution of government

Be that as it may, we shall take a penetrating analysis on the following theories.

a)    Natural theory or the Organic theory

b)    Force theory

c)     Divine theory

d)    Social contract theory or machine or artefact theory

 

Natural Theory/Organic Theory: This theory will be attributed to two prominent philosophers that is, Plato (427-347 BC) and ARISTOTLE (384-322BC).This theory asserts that the evolution of government and the state can be associated with a living organism, which evolve naturally on its own. In that instance, government is natural and it has always being with us. More importantly, it evolved as a moral institution which individual will use to achieve his purpose on earth. As a moral institution, therefore, it helps individual to achieve moral perfection or it desires.

Be that as it may, government and state to this theory, evolved as an organism with different pans and those human beings constitute the parts. It is the only way through which human beings can enjoy good life. To Aristotle, "Man is by nature a political animal" in other words, the state and the individuals are inseparable because every man must be within a state where there is an organized government and any man who lives outside a state is either a beast or gods. It is further believed by this theory that government and the state has always being with us. In that instance, any injury done to the state, it is done to the individual and of course, any injury to an individual is equally done to the state. To that extent, man can only seek fulfilment within a state. To Aristotle, man needs an organized government and the state to attain moral, physical and intellectual perfections.

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