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THE UNNECESSARY WAR (WINSTON CHURCHILL: WERE WORLD WAR I AND II NECESSARY AND INEVITABLE?) – WAR: LAW OF WAR, THE EFFECT OF WAR, AND ALTERNATIVES TO WAR TODAY.

INTRODUCTION What is war? War is a complex and multifaceted concept characterized by organized and often prolonged conflict involving states, nations, or other groups using armed force to achieve specific political, social, or economic objectives. It is typically distinguished by intense violence, widespread destruction, and significant human and material costs. Understanding the nature of war involves exploring its historical, sociological, political, economic, and psychological dimensions. There isn’t a singular definition of war universally accepted across all disciplines. Instead, various perspectives offer nuanced insights into its nature and implications. For instance, from a historical standpoint, war has been a recurrent phenomenon throughout human history. Ancient conflicts, documented in archaeological findings and historical texts, illustrate the prevalence and evolution of warfare across civilizations. For example, the works of military historians like Carl von Clause...
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THE CONCEPT OF POLITICS

  Introduction To start with, very few people prefer an isolated life to the one that includes social companionship. Men are involved in politics as they struggle for scarce resources, as they try to convince other to accept their point of view and as they try to define their position in the society. The Greek philosopher, Aristotle begins his famous work “Politics” with the observation that, man is by nature a political animal. By this, Aristotle means that the essence of social existence is through political interaction and that two or more men interacting with one another are invariably involved in a political relationship.   Aristotle then, concluded that, the only way to maximize one’s individual capabilities and to attain the highest form of social life is through political interaction in institutionalised settings (a setting designed to resolve social conflicts and set collective goals) Be that as it may, it is important to state that politics is a complex and dyn...
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POLITICS AND ETHICS

Ethics may be broadly understood as the moral dimension of human existence. In simple terms, it is the branch of knowledge concerned with evaluating human actions in terms of right and wrong, good and bad, acceptable and unacceptable. It deals with value judgments that guide conduct within both private and public life. Chandler and Plano (1988) capture this idea succinctly when they describe ethics as the body of rules and standards that regulate the moral behavior of members within an organization. Politics, on the other hand, operates within the realm of power and authority. David Easton (1963) famously defines politics as the authoritative allocation of values within a society. Here, “values” refer not merely to moral ideals but to all that people desire and compete for such as wealth, status, influence, recognition and power. Politics therefore determines who gets what, when, and how, often under conditions of scarcity and competition. Be that as it may, ethics and politics are ...
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