INSIGHTFUL EDUCATIONAL CONSULT

According to Marxian political economy, the structure of material production forms the foundation upon which political, legal and social life is built. This idea is captured in the famous assertion that “the mode of production of material life determines the character of the political process of life.” In other words, the way a society produces its material needs — food, goods, wealth and resources, largely shapes its political institutions, power relations and patterns of governance. This argument is not unconnecetd with the book  titled  The Communist Manifesto , jointly authored by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1932. Marx argued that the driving force of history is not ideas, morals, or religion, but material conditions. He believed that, human history is fundamentally a history of class struggles. That is, persistent conflicts between opposing social groups defined by their relationship to economic production. These struggles manifest most clearly between the bourgeoi...

Ethics may be broadly understood as the moral dimension of human existence. In simple terms, it is the branch of knowledge concerned with evaluating human actions in terms of right and wrong, good and bad, acceptable and unacceptable. It deals with value judgments that guide conduct within both private and public life. Chandler and Plano (1988) capture this idea succinctly when they describe ethics as the body of rules and standards that regulate the moral behavior of members within an organization. Politics, on the other hand, operates within the realm of power and authority. David Easton (1963) famously defines politics as the authoritative allocation of values within a society. Here, “values” refer not merely to moral ideals but to all that people desire and compete for such as wealth, status, influence, recognition and power. Politics therefore determines who gets what, when, and how, often under conditions of scarcity and competition. Be that as it may, ethics and politics are ...

At its most basic level, gender refers to the classification of human beings into male and female. Yet, the moment the discussion shifts from mere classification to gender discrimination, the spotlight almost instinctively turns toward women. This is because historically and socially, gender discourse has been framed in a way that elevates men as dominant and authoritative, while women are subtly or sometimes overtly portrayed as subordinate and dependent. It is within this context that women’s marginalization emerges, particularly in African societies, where women are often excluded from political participation, decision-making and public life. Women’s marginalization can therefore be understood as the systematic exclusion or restriction of women from spaces of influence, power and recognition. This exclusion is most evident in contemporary African politics, governance and socio-economic structures. However, this long-standing perception has not gone unchallenged. Critics argue, that ...