INSIGHTFUL EDUCATIONAL CONSULT

Introduction The colonial incursion into Africa in the nineteenth century was not, as earlier European writers claimed, a benevolent “civilizing mission.” Rather, it was a calculated political and economic project rooted in the industrial transformation of Europe. The formal attack on African sovereignty took shape when European nations, energized by the Industrial Revolution, turned to the continent for raw materials, new markets, and investment opportunities. It must, however, be emphasized that European involvement in Africa did not begin in the nineteenth century. Early contacts can be traced to the Portuguese explorations of the fifteenth century, when Africa served as a link in Europe’s trade with the East. Yet, what began as coastal trade evolved into territorial conquest once European economies industrialized and required direct political control to secure their interests (Hopkins, 1973). Africa thus became the answer to Europe’s new problems of production, surplus goods, and c...

  INTRODUCTION Before the commencement of colonialism, the people of what later became known as Nigeria lived under different systems of administration and governance. The pre-colonial Nigerian society symbolizes the methods by which the various ethnic groups governed themselves before the advent of European colonial rule. It means that traditional political systems predated colonialism. These systems varied significantly across regions due to ethnic, cultural, and linguistic differences. While some societies were centralized and monarchical, such as the Yoruba and Hausa/Fulani systems - others were decentralized and acephalous, such as the Igbo society, which functioned without a centralized ruler. Interestingly, the success of British indirect rule depended heavily on these already established pre-colonial systems of governance. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the following notable pre-colonial systems in Nigeria: 1. Yoruba Pre-Colonial System 2. Hausa/Fulani Pre-Colon...

PLOT SUMMARY Part I - The Awakening and First Reactions Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman who has long been the sole breadwinner for his family, awakens one morning to discover that he has inexplicably transformed into a large, vermin-like insect. His first concern is practical and revealing: he worries about missing the train to work and about the reaction of his employer and his family, a reaction shaped by decades in which Gregor’s identity has been fused to his job. He struggles physically with his new body - many legs, a hard back, difficulty moving his new limbs - and with furniture designed for a human frame. When his boss’s senior clerk arrives at the Samsa apartment to find out why Gregor has not reported for his route, Gregor hides under the couch and tries to respond; his attempts at speech are unintelligible to the clerk and to his family. The clerk leaves insulted and suspicious. Gregor’s family, his mother, his father, and his sister Grete react with a mixture of fear, s...

Introduction The rise of nationalism in Africa cannot be separated from the long history of colonial domination and resistance. As early as the period of European penetration into the continent, African rulers and traditional leaders displayed acts of resistance to protect their territories, sovereignty, and economic interests. Figures such as King Jaja of Opobo, who resisted British economic domination in the Niger Delta; Chief Nana of Itsekiri, who opposed European interference in local trade; Sultan Attahiru of Sokoto, who fought against British conquest; Samori Touré of the Mandinka Empire, who led a prolonged military resistance against the French in West Africa; and Sekou Ahmad, all stood as symbols of early resistance. Although these leaders were primarily motivated by the desire to defend their kingdoms and preserve their autonomy, their resistance laid the foundation for modern African nationalism. Unfortunately, history has often referred to them as proto-nationalists or trad...

Language can be seen as a means by which human communicate information, ideas and feelings. Since it is almost natural for every human being to want to express one thing or the other to fellow human being. It then becomes pertinent for a resource to be put to use for that purpose. Therefore, any resource that serves the purpose of delivering message of whatever kind to people is known as language. What the above suggest is that, language extends beyond the conventional notion of spoken language, as it is inclusive of surrogate language, sign language among others. However, our present concern is on spoken language such as, English language, German, French, Yoruba etc. as it is unique to people in the view of their characteristics. There is however, a lucid discrepancy between the terms: “language” and “a language”. While the term “Language” is generic, “a language” is specific. The term “language” is used to describe all universal language (i.e all language of the world) used to comm...